![]() The faces are on opposite sides of a single shared head, and they share a brain. Cephalopagus (sef-uh-LOP-uh-gus) twins are joined at the head and upper body. But their brains are usually separate, though they may share some brain tissue. Craniopagus twins share a portion of the skull. Craniopagus (kray-nee-OP-uh-gus) twins are joined at the back, top or side of the head, but not the face. The twins can have two, three or four arms and two or three legs. Parapagus (pa-RAP-uh-gus) twins are joined side to side at the pelvis and part or all of the belly (abdomen) and chest, but with separate heads. Each twin may have two legs or, less commonly, the twins share two or three legs. Many ischiopagus twins share the lower GI tract, as well as the liver and genital and urinary tract organs. Ischiopagus (is-kee-OP-uh-gus) twins are joined at the pelvis, either face to face or end to end. Rachipagus (ray-KIP-uh-gus), also called rachiopagus (ray-kee-OP-uh-gus), twins are joined back to back along the length of the spine. A few twins share the genital and urinary organs. Some pygopagus twins share the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Pygopagus (pie-GOP-uh-gus) twins are commonly joined back to back at the base of the spine and the buttocks. Some twins share the lower part of the small intestine (ileum) and the longest part of the large intestine (colon). Many omphalopagus twins share the liver and some part of the upper digestive (gastrointestinal or GI) tract. Omphalopagus (om-fuh-LOP-uh-gus) twins are joined near the bellybutton. This is one of the most common sites of conjoined twins. They often have a shared heart and may also share one liver and upper intestine. Thoracopagus (thor-uh-KOP-uh-gus) twins are joined face to face at the chest. Each pair of conjoined twins is unique.Ĭonjoined twins may be joined at any of these sites: The twins sometimes share organs or other parts of their bodies. How twins are joinedĬonjoined twins are usually classified according to where they're joined. Conjoined twins can be diagnosed early in the pregnancy using an ultrasound. And there may be more tiredness, nausea and vomiting early in the pregnancy. As with other twin pregnancies, the uterus may grow faster than it does with a single baby. Huang, Inseparable (2018).There are no specific symptoms that indicate a conjoined twin pregnancy. Orser, The Lives of Chang and Eng (2014) and Y. Never surgically separated, they died within several hours of each other in 1874. They toured again for a while after the war. Styling themselves as Southern gentlemen, they became prosperous slaveholders, married two sisters and fathered at least 21 children, and supported the Confederacy in the Civil War. Retiring from touring in 1839, they settled in rural North Carolina, adopted the surname Bunker, and became U.S. They were exhibited in traveling shows worldwide for many years beginning in 1929. The name Siamese twins derives from the most famous of conjoined male twins, Chang and Eng, born in Siam (Thailand) of Chinese parents in 1811. When they do survive, fatal illness in one dooms the other unless separation is possible. About half of all conjoined twins are stillborn, and many die within a week or so of birth. Sometimes an ovum divides in such a way that an organism develops having one body and two heads, or one head and two sets of limbs. In some instances the individuals are joined only by a band of musculofibrous tissue and can be separated surgically, but in other instances they share vital organs and separation may not be possible. Conjoined twins remain attached at the abdomen, chest, back, or top of the head, depending on where the division of the ovum has failed. They develop from a single fertilized ovum that has divided imperfectly complete division would produce identical twins, having the same sex and general characteristics. Conjoined twins, congenitally united organisms that are complete or nearly complete individuals, historically known as Siamese twins.
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